Registered Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enrolled Nursing - Essay Example Since sick patients rely upon medical attendants, I am intrigued to wander in this since it is my fantasy to contact and give solace to individuals who are not well. To be qualified however, I must be enlisted to ensure I convey quality social insurance. This is for me to meet the instructive prerequisite. Albeit, instructive necessity relies upon the nation you are to be enlisted, by the by, in most piece of the globe, the fulfillment of a bachelor’s certificate or associate’s degree is the preeminent prerequisite. An understudy may graduate with an earned certificate. The bachelor’s qualification keep going for a long time and is increasingly complete in light of the fact that it incorporates both hypothesis and practicum to hone nursing abilities learned in the four dividers of the study hall. Practicum is done in the emergency clinic and in the network settings. Partner program then again, is taken for just two years with both hypothesis and clinical introduc tion regardless yet not as thorough as the bachelor’s certificate. This makes most enrolled attendants to return to seek after bachelor’s certificate to meet the essentials and be chosen for nurse’s NCLEX assessment (Baker, 2008). Joined to the white uniform of medical attendants, I do comprehend that they have fluctuated undertakings since they contain the greatest gathering inside the social insurance framework.

Fraud Triangle free essay sample

Triangle is a significant device in looking to comprehend why individuals submit misrepresentation. In the assessment of any extortion case as per the Fraud triangle there are three significant components, weight, opportunity and justification. To delineate the importance of these three elements we can look at an ongoing misrepresentation case I. e. the South Carolina Hospitality Association. For this situation Rachel Duncan was the bookkeeper for South Carolina Hospitality affiliation, she is accused of the theft of assets and tax avoidance, as it were Ms. Duncan is said to have utilized her situation as a bookkeeper to take organization assets for her own advantage on further audit it is guaranteed that roughly $500,000 was stolen from the Hospitality Association of South Carolina. While trying to comprehend why Rachel Duncan submitted this misrepresentation we can inspect the case as far as the accompanying three elements: Pressure: This factor sees what causes or drives a person to submit extortion. We will compose a custom paper test on Misrepresentation Triangle or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Albrecht demonstrated that these apparent weights can fall into the accompanying classifications, monetary, Vice, Work related or different weights. Anyway according to the HASC extortion case the weight that caused Ms. Rachel Duncan to submit misrepresentation was a blend of both Financial Vice pressures. On audit of the case it is accounted for that she stole monies so as to help her betting Problem along these lines her bad habit was her voracious betting issue and the money related weight was the way that she turned to false practices to take the assets from HASC so as to help her betting issue. Opportunity: In the extortion triangle opportunity alludes to the circumstances or environment that exists which makes it simple for a person to submit and cover misrepresentation. Albrecht recognized the control condition which takes a gander at regions, for example, the executives job , Management correspondence, Appropriate recruiting, and control exercises, for example, isolation of obligations, autonomous checks and so forth. For this situation opportunity can be seen by the accompanying: No isolation of obligations Rachel Duncan was the bookkeeper who was exclusively accountable for the bookkeeping capacities, in truth she was liable for nine financial balances as well as accused of the duties of having the option to compose checks, sign checks and furthermore make stores. By being accountable for every one of these procedures it put her in a solid situation to submit and cover misappropriation of assets from the HASC, had there been an isolation of obligations it could have forestalled the fakes except if there is plot. Absence of free checks to rehash the case Rachel Duncan was viewed as a believed worker accordingly she was given sole duty over the funds of the association. Anyway they were no free checks by her Boss Mr. Sponseller this could have discouraged the extortion, consequently a blend of significant levels of trust in Rachel Duncan by her supervisor joined with inability to freely check the exchanges expanded the open door as well as made it simple for her to submit misrepresentation. Employing to rehash this case it was noticed this was not the first run through the HASC experienced misrepresentation in quite a while of theft in reality preceding the recruiting of Ms. Duncan a previous representative likewise stole cash, it stands to address whether appropriate individual verifications were done before recruiting. On the off chance that they weren’t, at that point it was the initial step to making an open door for misrepresentation to happen. Along these lines a blend of each of the three variables combined with the elevated levels of trust gave the ideal climate to Rachel Duncan to submit and cover extortion. Legitimization This alludes to the reasons that fraudsters may use to legitimize why they have submitted misrepresentation as indicated by Albrecht it might run from reasons, for example, the accompanying: * The association owes me * I merit more It’s for a decent reason. According to this case Rachel Duncan defended by demonstrating that she never intended to damage or misuse anyone’s trust. Along these lines in the hour of submitting her fake exercises she would have contemplated to herself that nobody would be harmed and it was anything but a maltreatment of anyone’s trust. By continually defending along these lines, she would have stolen many thousands des pite everything accepting that nothing wasn't right. It was likewise detailed that her Boss Mr. Sponseller who set an incredible degree of trust in her in the end ended it all, so in audit there was a maltreatment of trust and somebody did in actuality get injured. In the HASC/Rachel Duncan case every one of the three components existed for this extortion to happen nonetheless on the off chance that they had the option to control the open door factor it might have been forestalled.

The Benefits and Risks of Mood Stabilizers for BPD

The Benefits and Risks of Mood Stabilizers for BPD BPD Treatment Print Using Mood Stabilizers for Treating BPD By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 21, 2019 Caiaimage/Getty Images More in BPD Treatment Diagnosis Living With BPD Related Conditions Mood stabilizers for  borderline personality disorder (BPD)  can be effective in reducing BPD symptoms, particularly  emotion dysregulation  and impulsivity symptoms.  These  psychiatric pharmaceutical medications are increasingly prescribed for people with BPD, although  psychotherapy is still considered the most important form of treatment. Indication The term mood stabilizer is used to describe any medication that reduces the frequency of intense mood shifts, or lability. Types of Medication Different types of medications are prescribed as mood stabilizers for people with  BPD. Medications originally developed to treat seizures, called “anticonvulsants,” are commonly prescribed for their mood-stabilizing effects. Examples include: Tegretol, Equetro (carbamazepine)Lamictal (lamotrigine)Trileptal (oxcarbazepine)Topamax (topiramate)Depakote (valproic acid, divalproex sodium) Lithobid (lithium carbonate)  is an anticonvulsant mood stabilizer that has been a mainstay of treatment for bipolar disorder for years.   Effectiveness Research is limited, but it does appear that  mood stabilizers can treat some BPD symptoms effectively.  The  most-studied  medication is lithium. Most of those studies focused on the treatment of impulsivity, but one study showed that lithium can be effective in treating BPD anger and irritation. Some studies hint that other anticonvulsant mood stabilizers may help treat mood and emotional symptoms in BPD, and a different type of medication, called atypical antipsychotics, offers an additional treatment option. Risks and Side Effects Risks and side effects of these medications can vary depending on the type of mood stabilizer youre taking. For example,  each anticonvulsant mood stabilizer has its own unique side effect profile. Lithium carbonate can cause gastrointestinal distress such as nausea and vomiting; weight gain; acne; tremors (shaking); and cognitive problems (for example, feeling that your thinking is slowed or fuzzy). Lithium can also affect your kidneys and thyroid gland, so blood tests are required to monitor their function while youre taking this medication. Lithium can also be very toxic in high doses, so it is less likely to be prescribed for people with BPD who are at risk for suicide. Other possible side effects with anticonvulsants include gastrointestinal complaints, weight gain, rashes, fatigue, and dizziness. In addition, some of these medications carry a risk of rare but serious side effects. For example, people taking carbamazepine must be monitored for the possible development of agranulocytosis, a rare condition marked by a significant decrease in white blood cells.   Toxicity is also a concern with certain anticonvulsant mood stabilizers for BPD. Questions to Ask Your Psychiatrist Talk to your psychiatrist about any concerns you have before you start taking a mood stabilizer for BPD. Make sure you understand the risks and side effects  as well as the reason(s) you are being prescribed a particular medication. Here are some questions you might want to ask: Which BPD symptoms do you expect this medication to affect?Are there particular risks or side effects I should watch for?How will this medication interact with other medications Im taking?How long will I need to take this medication before I start to notice its effects?How long do you think Ill need to be on this medication?

Three Propositions Of The Arbitrage Pricing Theory Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 932 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Arbitrage opportunity arises if an investor can construct a zero investment portfolio with a zero profit, in other words, ability to make profit without any risk. Arbitrage Pricing Theory based on three main propositions. First, Security returns can be described by a factor model. Second, idiosyncratic risk can be diversified away. Third, Arbitrage opportunities are eventually diversified away.   This theory predicts a relationship between the returns of a  portfolio and the returns of a single asset through a linear combination of many independent macro-economic variables.1 In order to define how good the APT is, we need to look at how it work and how useful can it be. Roll and Ross (1995) stated that the actual return of a stock must follow the APT formula: R=E + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²f + e where E is equal to the expected return on the asset, ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² is equal to the assets sensitivity to a change in the systematic factor, f is the actual r eturn on the systematic factor, and e is the return on the unsystematic, idiosyncratic factors.2 The expected return = rf + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1*f1 + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2*f2 +ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦+ ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²n*fn which rf is the risk free rate, ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² is the sensitivity of the stock and f is the risk premium associated with each factor. ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² is the measure of the relationship between the sensitivity of returns and the unanticipated movements in the factors. The unanticipated returns are what determine the ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²s and their measurement is one of the important components of the APT approach. There are four main economic factors that are related to unanticipated returns on large portfolios, which are unanticipated changes in inflation, industrial production, risk premiums and the slope of the term structure of interest rate. Capital Asset Pricing Model is a model that describes the relationship between risk and expected return  and  which has been used in the pricing of risky securities.3 The risk premium on individual securities is E(ri) = rf + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²i[ E(rm)-rf] which rf is the risk free rate, ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²i is the coefficient of the security relative to the market portfolio and rm is the market return. The APT and the CAPM are two of the most important theories on stock and asset pricing. CAPM is a dominant pricing model compare to APT. The APT and CAPM are similar as both of them gives us a standard criterion for rate of return that can be used in capital budgeting, security valuation, or investment performance evaluation. However, they are different in some point as APT is less restrictive in the assumptions. It allows the investor to develop their model of expected return for an asset. In the CAPM theory, the expected return on a stock is described by the movement of that stock relative to the stock market4 and the only factor that should be considered is the risk of the stock relative to the entire stock market. Test of the single-index model that account for human capital and cyclical variations in asset betas are far more consistent with the single-index APT. These tests suggest that macroeconomic variables are not necessary to explain expected returns. Moreover, anomalies such as effects of size and book-to-market ratios disappear once these variables are accounted for. According to Fama and French 1996, the multifactor APT is refined theories of how exposure to systematic risk factors would have influence expected returns, but it provide little guidance regarding which factors such as sources of risk, ought to result in risk premiums.5 According to the APT, only a few systematic factors will affect the long term average returns of financial assets and it focuses on the main forces that move aggregates of assets in large portfolio. In Chen, Roll and Ross (1986), the paper is about economic forces and the stock market which has explored a set of systematic economic state variables that has influences on stock market returns and has examined their influence on asset pricing.6 Asset prices that describe the economy should depend on how visible they are to the state variables. Stock returns are visible to regular economic news in which they are priced according to their visibility, and that the news can be measured as innovations in state variables which the proofing can be done through simple financial theory. The APT highlights the crucial distinction between non-diversifiable risk also as known as factor risk, that requires a reward in the form of a risk premium and diversifiable risk that does not. It is an extremely appealing model as it depends on the assumption that a rational equilibrium in capital markets precludes arbitrage opportunities. A violation of the APTs pricing relationships will cause extremely strong pressure to restore them even if only a limited number of investors become aware of the disequilibrium. Moreover, the APT yields an expected return-beta relationship using a well-diversified portfolio, in other words, it choose an appropriate degree of exposure to the major economic risks that influence both asset returns and organizations which practically can be constructed from a large number of securities.5 For these stated reasons, APT can somehow be defined as a good asset pricing model. However, the APT implies that the expected return-beta relationship holds for all but perhaps a small number of securities. Because it focuses on the no-arbitrage condition, without the further assumptions of the market or index model, the APT cannot rule out a violation of the expected return-beta relationship for any particular asset. For this reason, CAPM has a dominant role in todays financial market rather than the APT, which shows APT, is a good model but not a perfect model for asset pricing as it is not as good as the CAPM. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Three Propositions Of The Arbitrage Pricing Theory Finance Essay" essay for you Create order

My Natural Characteristics Of The Management Consulting...

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For this reason I was looking forward to working as a team on project Formica, which i s world’s ubiquitous and leading brand in high pressure laminates (HPL) and surfacing solutions. Our Team of five comprised of analytical skills and expertise in different domains that was formed with core objective of analyzing the problem through a diverse and integrated approach so as to facilitate the process, ensuring a well balance solution that could potentially minimizes the laborious barrier that the client encounters and propose recommendations that could be implemented. When project FormicaShow MoreRelatedEssay Leading Quietly1678 Words   |  7 Pagesseveral books and articles on leadership and management. I have also participated in a few leadership training/education modules offered through my employers. There are many theories on what makes an effective or quiet leader. 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Multi-User Dungeons Free Essays

This lengthy article on avatars in Multi-User Dungeons (MUD) was informative and useful, though hard for the novice gamer to digest in one sitting. Literature attests to the gaming community using computers as tools to communicate and to link together friendships and partnerships. However, the article points out there is a danger of the gamer becoming overly involved in the community, and to remember that words on a forum/discussion board screen etc does not equate to an entity that reflects a physical community. We will write a custom essay sample on Multi-User Dungeons or any similar topic only for you Order Now I agree that there are differences and these need to be borne in mind during the gaming experience, however I find Rhiengold ignores the inherent similarities of virtual and physical communities with regard to their psychological processes (Agress, Edberg, Igbaria, 1998). The article reviews MUD as a dynamic and â€Å"wild side† to the Internet. Rheingold contends that real magic exists here and that a person’s identity is characterized by its fluidity. The imaginary worlds created with huge computer databases of programming languages deliver melodramas and satires, puzzles, education, leisure time and competition. With respect to the article’s description of MUD communities Rheingold is somewhat over-exuberant in listing virtues of MUDs. There is an emphasis on fantasy, power, dominance, sexual prowess and violent injury or death. The goals as presented by Rheingold are economic dominance, fame and social power. Another criticism of the article is that it is not structured soundly. The history of MUD communities begins a page or so into the article. The piece then abruptly jumps to describing potential empirical functions of MUDs; such as observing them as â€Å"living laboratories for studying the first-level impacts of virtual communities†. Rheingold does not attempt to outline how such research could be undertaken, what would be measured or how participants would be ensured of informed consent. Numerous ethical dilemmas are obvious when considering the use of MUD communities as settings for collecting social and/or psychological data. Unlike the physical environment, MUDs are not â€Å"natural† and field research designs would need to be modified to maintain ethical standards and empirical rigor. Rheingold also suggests that the MUD environments could be used a research environment for evaluation of second-level effect of virtual communities on physical world relationships, such as with family, personal relationships, friendships etc. Interestingly, Rheingold points out that fundamental issue for the western culture are called into question with MUDs, social norms, values and expectations are adapting to the virtual (pun intended) anonymity the Internet can provide. He makes a good point that this in an important issue for a community where many relationships are mediated by technology. Unfortunately, the article has several disjointed jumps, with Rheingold distributing MUD history throughout the piece. He explores the idea of gaming being an addiction, due to several MUDders admitting to spending most of their waking hours immersed in virtual worlds. The concept of MUD community addiction is presented in the article as a â€Å"communication addiction† that needs to be experienced to be understood according to MIT’s Media Lab Associate Professor Amy Bruckman; How do we feel about tens of thousands of college students spending their time and government-sponsored resources to chase virtual dragons? To answer this question, you have to dive in and explore assumptions about what is a meaningful way to spend one’s time. What are the value judgments implicit in various answers to that question? † Rheingold suggests that the first step is to investigate the fascination some gamers have with MUDding, to determine how obsession develops. Identifying unique features of the medium that engage a gamer psychologically and that meets a person’s needs and expectations would inform about fascination. He further states changing conceptualization about what is identity is the underlying cause as to how fascination develops into a dysfunctional obsession. Hence, to Rheingold, MUD communities are an extension of ongoing cognitive changes brought about by innovation, technological advancements and adaption of symbols to suit a communication-saturated society. MUD environments have allowed dissolving of social boundaries associated with time and space, as well as boundaries of identity. A gamer can pretend to be another; they can pretend to be many other people simultaneously. It appears to Rheingold that depersonalized modes of communication allow some people to be much more personal with each other as compared to a relationship in the physical world. However, he questions the authenticity of the human relationship within the cyber context, given the masking of the person and the distancing that the medium can provide. In this way he states that MUDding is not real life. However, he does not explore the potential for MUD to become a person’s life, which from a constructivist point of view, would make the virtual a â€Å"real world† given that a person is seen as constructing their own reality (Riddings Gefen, 2004). Overall, Rheingold focuses on issues of identity for the MUDder. One of the first activities that a person does when entering a MUD environment is to create an identity. They describe their character for others who inhabit or visit the MUD. It is through the creation of their identity, states Rheingold that the MUD community develops, grows, changes and maintains coherence for its members. It is the roles each gamer plays, points out Rheingold, that guides the socio-cultural value system of the community; †¦the roles give people new stages on which to exercise new identities, and their new identities affirm the reality of the scenario. The fluidity of identity is enabled by the participants being able to communicate using a number of public and private channel options; ? private e-mail ? person-to-person chat ? person-to-person chat ? â€Å"say,† â€Å"whisper,† and â€Å"pose† to anybody else in the same room ? form of group chat that uses the boundaries of metaphorical rooms as social boundaries ? turn on or off special-interest CB channels for other semipublic conversations across different parts of the MUD Poses and words are used to communicate meaning in the MUD environment. Rheingold describes the use of pose as useful though disembodied non-verbal language. Another word for posing is â€Å"emoting† and provides an added dimension to communication not possible in the physical world. For example, â€Å"[Instead] of leaving the room, you can disappear in a cloud of iridescent, bubble-gum-flavored bubbles†. Rheingold comments that first feelings of artificiality when posing soon disperse when one becomes aware of the added control they have over the ambience of the conversation. Posing can provide contextual cues to that are not available through words on a screen alone. The added advantage of having creative powers within the MUD environment takes the experience beyond that of conferencing and or chat sites, â€Å"such as magic carpets that transport their owners to secret parts of the kingdom†. Other characters are able to steal or gain power of objects and avatars of others. As such, the social construction of valuing items and characters is similar in process to that which occurs in the creation of value systems in physical communities. Similarly, the social goal of power, over others and the material world, is a social concept that continues to be maintained in the virual world. Rheingold ignores this salient feature of consistency in what makes a community. In this way, MUD environment’s can be considered â€Å"real† as they are experienced by individuals, and they do lead to the construction of social institutions, rules and common goals mediated by a culturally-dependant language. The MUD culture is framed by the technology through which it is made visible and allows interaction, and also, by the physical world from which its computer hardware and software, and persons social rules came from. Much like Russian dolls, worlds within worlds. Navigation of the MUD community provides a learning experience for each character and they learn their roles to play. Gender roles are a dominant determinant of social placement and social expectations within the physical world. So too in the world of MUD. For example, tiny. sex and net. sleazing are techniques used predominantly by male characters to seduce female newbies into cybersex that is recorded and distributed across the globe via the Internet. As such, gender stereotypes remain within the virtual world, and women tend to be viewed as inferior, gullible and unworthy of treatment as equals. Despite social thought advances in the 21st century, the physical world continues to exist within a patriarchial system that creates power struggles between dichotomies. The MUD communities do little to challenge the status quo of inequality with regard to gender, and in many ways (due to its anonymity) increase opportunities for people to act out anti-social behaviors. It must be kept in mind that these behavioral choices are grounded in physical world cultures, so that Rheingold’s claim that MUD communities are unlike the â€Å"real world† in terms of social interactions is poorly supported. In conclusion, Rheingold delivers an indepth subjective critique of MUD communities. The critical review before you has evaluated Rheingold’s interpretation and communication of the relevance and function of MUDs. Evidently, MUDding is an important psychological and social activity or â€Å"way-of-being† for many people, both female and male. This has sparked much debate in terms of addiction theories, gender issues and perhaps most importantly, ones sense of identity. This paper has demonstrated that MUD communities have the potential to be research environments if ethical criteria can be met, and that in terms of social processes virtual communities have many similarities to those of the physical world from which they emerged. References Agres, C. , Edberg, D. Igbaria, M. (1998) Transformation to Virtual Societies: Forces and Issues. The Information Society 14(2), 71-82. Rhiengold, H. (n. d. ) The Virtual Community. Retrieved January 12, 2007 from http://www. rheingold. com/vc/book/5. html Riddings, C. M. Gefen, D. (2004) Virtual Community Attraction: Why People Hang Out Online. Retrieved January 12, 2007 from http://jcmc. indiana. edu/vol10/issue1/ridings_gefen. html How to cite Multi-User Dungeons, Papers

Making Capital Investment Decisions

Question: Examine and discuss the characteristics of NPV and the role that this method plays in capital investment decision making. Discuss the advantages of using this method instead of the other evaluation methods? Answer: Net Present Value is considered as the present value in context to future cash outflows and inflows. It is used usually in capital budgeting in order to study the profitability or success of any investment or project. Therefore, it largely used by the organizations to make budgeting decisions so that they can gain profit in future. Moreover, the NPV helps the organizations in predicting the future losses or profit from any particular project or investment (Baldwin and Clark, 1991). On the other hand, it is explained as the variation between present value of cash outflow and cash inflows. Moreover, the discounted cash flow method is used for the valuation of net present value so that cash flow value of project can be known (Bierman and Bierman, 1988). Apart from that, if Net Present Value is positive then it shows a positive sign for the company and adds value to them and if the NPV is negative then the industry should not make decision to make an investment in that particular project (Burger and Hawkesworth, 2013). Therefore, if the NPV is higher than the investor can plan to make investment. If It means Then NPV greater than zero The investment will add value to the industry The project can be accepted NPV less than zero The investment will decrease the value of the industry The project can be eliminated or rejected NPV equal to zero The investment will neither generate income nor loss The investor can make decision relying on strategic positioning or on the basis of other factors. The NPV can be better understood from an example, Year Cash Inflow Discount Factor (10%) Present Value of Cash Flow 1 3400 .909 3090.6 2 4000 .826 3304 3 6000 .751 4506 4 2100 .683 1434 Total 12335 Initial Investment 8000 Net Present Value 4335 Therefore, it can be understood that project can be accepted as it shows positive value above the initial investment value. The Net Present Value is effective as it helps in making comparisons of multiple numbers of potential investments. Therefore, the investor can take decision whether to make investment or not (Clark, Hindelang and Pritchard, 1979). Moreover, time value of money is accounted by net present value. Further, the future revenue can be converted by NPV to current dollars which assist the company to quantify the value of the project (Montier, 2010). Apart from that, Net Present value has advantage over other investment appraisal techniques such as payback period and accounting rate of return. These techniques do not consider the discount future cash flows but it is taken in account under NPV. On the other hand, if a certain investment has non-normal cash flows then NPV is a better option than IRR (Pratt and Grabowski, 2010). The non-normal cash flow arises when there is huge cash outflow at the end of any investment. Therefore, IRR cannot be applied. Moreover, in case of evaluation of mutually exclusive projects then Net Present Value is viable option than IRR method (Sinclair, 2010). On the other side, NPV provides more realistic reinvestment rate predictions than other appraisal techniques. Moreover, the NPV provides best indicator regarding shareholder wealth and profitability and provide best decision basis (Clark, Hindelang and Pritchard, 1979). References Baldwin, C. and Clark, K. (1991). Capabilities and capital investment. [Boston]: Division of Research, Harvard Business School. Bierman, H. and Bierman, H. (1988). Implementing capital budgeting techniques. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Pub. Co. Burger, P. and Hawkesworth, I. (2013). Capital budgeting and procurement practices. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 13(1), pp.57-104. Clark, J., Hindelang, T. and Pritchard, R. (1979). Capital budgeting. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Montier, J. (2010). Value Investing. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Pratt, S. and Grabowski, R. (2010). Cost of capital. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Sinclair, D. (2010). Capital budgeting decisions using the discounted cash flow method. Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth, 57(7), pp.704-705.